banner



Home  ›  Uncategorized

You Are 1st Name to What Animal You Are Like

You Are 1st Name to What Animal You Are Like

Animal kept for companionship rather than utility

This article is most animals kept for companionship. For the use of "pet" as a verb, "petting", see Social training. For other uses of the abbreviations "PET" and "PETS", encounter PET and PETS.

A pet, or companion fauna, is an brute kept primarily for a person's visitor or amusement rather than as a working animal, livestock or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to take attractive appearances, intelligence and relatable personalities, simply some pets may be taken in on an altruistic basis (such every bit a stray animal) and accepted by the owner regardless of these characteristics.

Two of the well-nigh popular pets are dogs and cats. Other animals commonly kept include: rabbits; ferrets; pigs; rodents, such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, mice, and guinea pigs; Digital pets, such as tamagotchis; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines and fowls; reptile pets, such as turtles, alligators, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes; aquatic pets, such every bit fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, amphibians like frogs and salamanders; and arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs. Minor pets may be grouped together as pocket pets, while the equine and bovine group include the largest companion animals.

Pets provide their owners (or "guardians") [1] both concrete and emotional benefits. Walking a domestic dog can provide both the human being and the domestic dog with practice, fresh air and social interaction. Pets tin can give companionship to people who are living alone or elderly adults who practice non have adequate social interaction with other people. There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes. Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cerebral or emotional goals with patients.

People most commonly get pets for companionship, to protect a home or belongings or because of the perceived beauty or attractiveness of the animals. [2] A 1994 Canadian study found that the most common reasons for not owning a pet were lack of ability to care for the pet when traveling (34.6%), lack of time (28.6%) and lack of suitable housing (28.three%), with dislike of pets being less common (19.6%). [two] Some scholars, ethicists and animal rights organizations have raised concerns over keeping pets because of the lack of autonomy and the objectification of non-human being animals. [3]

Pet popularity

China

In China, spending on domestic animals has grown from an estimated $three.12 billion in 2010 to $25 billion in 2022. The Chinese people ain 51 million dogs and 41 million cats, with pet owners ofttimes preferring to source pet nutrient internationally. [4] At that place are a total of 755 1000000 pets, increased from 389 1000000 in 2013. [five]

Italy

According to a survey promoted by Italian family associations in 2009, it is estimated that there are approximately 45 million pets in Italy. This includes 7 million dogs, 7.v million cats, 16 1000000 fish, 12 million birds, and 10 million snakes. [six]

United Kingdom

A 2007 survey past the University of Bristol institute that 26% of Britain households owned cats and 31% owned dogs, estimating full domestic populations of approximately 10.3 meg cats and ten.5 million dogs in 2006. [7] The survey likewise plant that 47.2% of households with a cat had at to the lowest degree 1 person educated to degree level, compared with 38.4% of homes with dogs. [eight]

United states

Threescore-8 percentage of U.S. households, or about 85 one thousand thousand families, own a pet, according to the 2017-2022 National Pet Owners Survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association (APPA). This is up from 56 percent of U.South. households in 1988, the showtime year the survey was conducted. [9] At that place are approximately 86.4 million pet cats and approximately 78.2 million pet dogs in the United States, [10] [11] and a United States 2007–2008 survey showed that dog-owning households outnumbered those owning cats, but that the full number of pet cats was higher than that of dogs. The same was true for 2011. [12] In 2013, pets outnumbered children 4 to one in the United States. [13]

Most popular pets in the U.South (millions) [14] [15]
Pet Global population U.South. population U.S. inhabited households U.S. average per inhabited household
Cat 202 93.six 38.2 2.45
Canis familiaris 171 77.5 45.half-dozen i.seventy
Fish N/A 171.7 13.3 12.86
Pocket-size mammals Due north/A fifteen.9 5.3 three.00
Birds Northward/A 15.0 6.0 2.fifty
Reptiles & amphibians N/A 13.6 4.7 2.89
Equine North/A 13.3 3.9 3.41

Furnishings on pets' health

Keeping animals as pets may be detrimental to their wellness if certain requirements are non met. An important outcome is inappropriate feeding, which may produce clinical furnishings. The consumption of chocolate or grapes by dogs, for example, may bear witness fatal.

Sure species of houseplants can besides prove toxic if consumed by pets. Examples include philodendrons and Easter lilies (which can cause severe kidney damage to cats) [16] [17] and poinsettias, begonia, and aloe vera (which are mildly toxic to dogs). [xviii] [nineteen]

Housepets, peculiarly dogs and cats in industrialized societies, are also highly susceptible to obesity. Overweight pets have been shown to be at a higher risk of developing diabetes, liver problems, joint pain, kidney failure, and cancer. Lack of exercise and loftier-caloric diets are considered to be the primary contributors to pet obesity. [20] [21] [22]

Effects of pets on their caregiver's health

A couple with their pet canis familiaris

Adult female jogging with a domestic dog at Carcavelos beach, Portugal

Wellness benefits

Information technology is widely believed among the public, and among many scientists, that pets probably bring mental and concrete health benefits to their owners; [23] a 1987 NIH statement cautiously argued that existing data was "suggestive" of a meaning benefit. [24] A recent dissent comes from a 2017 RAND report, which institute that at least in the example of children, having a pet per se failed to improve concrete or mental wellness by a statistically pregnant corporeality; instead, the study found children who were already decumbent to being healthy were more likely to become pets in the first identify. [23] [25] [26] Unfortunately, conducting long-term randomized trials to settle the result would exist costly or infeasible. [24] [26]

Observed correlations

Pets might take the ability to stimulate their caregivers, in particular the elderly, giving people someone to take intendance of, someone to do with, and someone to help them heal from a physically or psychologically troubled past. [24] [27] [28] Beast visitor can also assistance people to preserve acceptable levels of happiness despite the presence of mood symptoms similar anxiety or depression. [29] Having a pet may also assistance people achieve health goals, such every bit lowered claret pressure, or mental goals, such as decreased stress. [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] There is evidence that having a pet tin can help a person lead a longer, healthier life. In a 1986 study of 92 people hospitalized for coronary ailments, within a year, 11 of the 29 patients without pets had died, compared to only 3 of the 52 patients who had pets. [28] Having pet(s) was shown to significantly reduce triglycerides, and thus center disease take chances, in the elderly. [36] A study past the National Found of Wellness found that people who owned dogs were less likely to dice as a result of a heart attack than those who did non own i. [37] There is some bear witness that pets may have a therapeutic effect in dementia cases. [38] Other studies take shown that for the elderly, good health may be a requirement for having a pet, and non a result. [39] Dogs trained to be guide dogs tin can help people with vision impairment. Dogs trained in the field of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) can also benefit people with other disabilities. [24] [40]

Pets in long-term care institutions

People residing in a long-term intendance facility, such as a hospice or nursing home, may feel health benefits from pets. Pets help them to cope with the emotional issues related to their illness. They also offer physical contact with another living creature, something that is often missing in an elderberry'south life. [x] [41] Pets for nursing homes are called based on the size of the pet, the amount of care that the brood needs, and the population and size of the intendance institution. [28] Advisable pets go through a screening process and, if it is a dog, boosted training programs to become a therapy dog. [42] At that place are three types of therapy dogs: facility therapy dogs, brute-assisted therapy dogs, and therapeutic visitation dogs. The most common therapy dogs are therapeutic visitation dogs. These dogs are household pets whose handlers take fourth dimension to visit hospitals, nursing homes, detention facilities, and rehabilitation facilities. [27] Different pets require varying amounts of attention and care; for case, cats may have lower maintenance requirements than dogs. [43]

In improver to providing health benefits for their owners, pets also touch the social lives of their owners and their connection to their community. There is some prove that pets tin can facilitate social interaction. [44] Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Leslie Irvine has focused her attention on pets of the homeless population. Her studies of pet ownership among the homeless found that many modify their life activities for fear of losing their pets. Pet ownership prompts them to act responsibly, with many making a deliberate selection non to drink or use drugs, and to avoid contact with substance abusers or those involved in whatsoever criminal activity for fear of existence separated from their pet. Additionally, many refuse to house in shelters if their pet is non allowed to stay with them. [45]

Health risks

Wellness risks that are associated with pets include:

  • Bedevilment of allergies and asthma caused by dander and fur or feathers
  • Falling injuries. Tripping over pets, specially dogs causes more than 86,000 falls serious enough to prompt a trip to the emergency room each twelvemonth in the United States. [46] Among elderly and disabled people, these falls accept resulted in life-threatening injuries and broken bones.
  • Injury, mauling, and sometimes decease acquired by pet bites and attacks
  • Disease or parasites due to animal hygiene bug, lack of appropriate treatment, and undisciplined behavior (carrion and urine)
  • Stress acquired by the beliefs of animals
  • Anxiety over who will care for the animal should the owner no longer be able to exercise so

Legislation

Treaties

Signed and ratified Acceded or succeeded
Only signed Not signed (CoE member states)
Not signed (non-CoE fellow member states)

The European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals is a 1987 treaty of the Quango of Europe – but accession to the treaty is open up to all states in the world – to promote the welfare of pet animals and ensure minimum standards for their treatment and protection. It went into effect on i May 1992, and every bit of June 2022, it has been ratified by 24 states. [47]

National and local laws

The keeping of animals as pets can cause concerns with regard to animal rights and welfare. [48] [49] [fifty]

Ownership or guardianship

Pets accept commonly been considered private property, owned by individual persons. Still, many legal protections accept existed (historically and today) with the intention of safeguarding pets' (and other animals') well-being. [51] [52] [53] [54] Since the year 2000, a minor but increasing number of jurisdictions in Northward America have enacted laws redefining pet'due south owners as guardians. Intentions accept been characterized as simply changing attitudes and perceptions (just not legal consequences) to working toward legal personhood for pets themselves. Some veterinarians and breeders have opposed these moves. The question of pets' legal status can arise with business concern to buy or adoption, custody, divorce, manor and inheritance, injury, impairment, and veterinary malpractice. [55] [56] [57] [58]

Limitations on species

States, cities, and towns in Western countries commonly enact local ordinances to limit the number or kind of pets a person may go along personally or for business purposes. Prohibited pets may be specific to certain breeds (such as pit bulls or Rottweilers), they may apply to general categories of animals (such equally livestock, exotic animals, wild animals, and canid or felid hybrids), or they may merely be based on the animal'south size. Additional or dissimilar maintenance rules and regulations may likewise apply. Condominium associations and owners of rental properties also commonly limit or forbid tenants' keeping of pets.[ citation needed ]

In Belgium and the Netherlands, the regime publishes white lists and black lists (called 'positive' and 'negative lists') with animal species that are designated to exist appropriate to be kept every bit pets (positive) or not (negative). The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy originally established its outset positive list (positieflijst) per ane Feb 2015 for a set of 100 mammals (including cats, dogs and production animals) accounted appropriate every bit pets on the recommendations of Wageningen University. [59] Parliamentary debates nigh such a pet listing appointment dorsum to the 1980s, with continuous disagreements almost which species should exist included and how the law should be enforced. [sixty] In Jan 2017, the white list was expanded to 123 species, while the black listing that had been set up upwards was expanded (with animals like the brown bear and two cracking kangaroo species) to contain 153 species unfit for petting, such as the armadillo, the sloth, the European hare and the wild boar. [61]

Killing and eating pets

In January 2011, the Belgian Federal Agency for the Prophylactic of the Food Chain stated that people are not allowed to kill random cats walking in their garden, but '[n]owhere in the law does it say that yous can't swallow your cat, dog, rabbit, fish or whatever. You just take to kill them in an animate being-friendly mode.' [62] Since 1 July 2014, information technology is illegal in kingdom of the netherlands for owners to kill their own cats and dogs kept as pets. Parakeets, guinea pigs, hamsters and other animals may however be killed past their owners, but nonetheless when owners mistreat their companion animals (for example, in the procedure of killing them), the owners tin withal be prosecuted under Dutch law. [63]

Ecology bear upon

Pets take a considerable environmental touch, especially in countries where they are common or held in high densities. For case, the 163 one thousand thousand dogs and cats kept in the United States consume about 20% of the amount of dietary free energy that humans do and an estimated 33% of the animal-derived energy. [64] They produce about xxx% ± 13%, past mass, every bit much feces as Americans, and through their diet, constitute about 25–thirty% of the environmental impacts from beast production in terms of the apply of state, h2o, fossil fuel, phosphate, and biocides. Dog and cat brute product consumption is responsible for the release of upwards to 64 ± 16 million tons COii-equivalent methane and nitrous oxide, two powerful greenhouse gasses. Americans are the largest pet owners in the earth, but pet ownership in the US has considerable ecology costs. [64]

Types

The red pull a fast one on was only recently domesticated.

While many people have kept many different species of animals in captivity over the course of human history, only a relative few have been kept long enough to be considered domesticated. Other types of animal, notably monkeys, have never been domesticated just are still sold and kept as pets. There are besides inanimate objects that accept been kept every bit "pets", either equally a grade of a game or humorously (eastward.g. the Pet Rock or Chia Pet). Some wild animals are kept as pets, such as tigers, even though this is illegal. There is a market for illegal pets.

Domesticated

Domesticated pets are most common. A domesticated fauna is a species that has been made fit for a human surround [65] by being consistently kept in captivity and selectively bred over a long enough period of fourth dimension that information technology exhibits marked differences in behavior and advent from its wild relatives. Domestication contrasts with taming, which is only when an united nations-domesticated, wild animal has become tolerant of human being presence, and perhaps, even enjoys it.

Mammals

Sharing a bed with a Yorkshire terrier

Birds

Fish

Arthropods

Reptiles, Salamanders

Digital

Wild animals

The Pasha'south Favourite Tiger, oil painting by Rudolph Ernst

Wildlife are kept as pets. The term "wild" in this context specifically applies to any species of animal which has not undergone a fundamental change in beliefs to facilitate a shut co-existence with humans. Some species may accept been bred in captivity for a considerable length of time, merely are still non recognized equally domesticated.

By and large, wildlife are recognized equally not suitable to proceed equally pets, and this practice is completely banned in many places. In other areas, certain species are allowed to exist kept, and information technology is usually required for the owner to obtain a permit. It is considered animal cruelty past some, as almost often, wild fauna require precise and abiding care that is very difficult to meet in convict weather condition. Many large and instinctively aggressive animals are extremely dangerous, and numerous times have they killed their handlers.

History

Prehistory

Archeology suggests that human ownership of dogs as pets may date back to at least 12,000 years ago. [66]

Ancient history

Aboriginal Greeks and Romans would openly grieve for the loss of a canis familiaris, evidenced by inscriptions left on tombstones commemorating their loss. [67] The surviving epitaphs defended to horses are more likely to reference a gratitude for the companionship that had come up from war horses rather than race horses. The latter may accept chiefly been commemorated as a way to farther the owner's fame and glory. [68] In Ancient Egypt, dogs and baboons were kept as pets and buried with their owners. Dogs were given names, which is significant as Egyptians considered names to take magical backdrop. [69]

Victorian era: the ascension of mod pet keeping

Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth-century pet keeping in the modern sense gradually became accepted throughout Britain. Initially, aristocrats kept dogs for both companionship and hunting. Thus, pet keeping was a sign of elitism inside society. By the nineteenth century, the rise of the middle form stimulated the development of pet keeping and it became inscribed inside the bourgeois culture. [70]

Economy

As the popularity of pet-keeping in the modern sense rose during the Victorian era, animals became a fixture inside urban culture as commodities and decorative objects. [71] Pet keeping generated a commercial opportunity for entrepreneurs. By the mid-nineteenth century, nigh twenty thousand street vendors in London dealt with alive animals. [72] Besides, the popularity of animals adult a demand for animal goods such equally accessories and guides for pet keeping. Pet intendance developed into a big business by the finish of the nineteenth century. [73]

Profiteers likewise sought out pet stealing as a means for economical gain. Utilizing the affection that owners had for their pets, professional person canis familiaris stealers would capture animals and hold them for ransom. [74] The development of dog stealing reflects the increased value of pets. Pets gradually became defined as the holding of their owners. Laws were created that punished offenders for their burglary. [75]

Pets and animals also had social and cultural implications throughout the nineteenth century. The categorization of dogs past their breeds reflected the hierarchical, social society of the Victorian era. The pedigree of a dog represented the high condition and lineage of their owners and reinforced social stratification. [76] Middle-class owners, however, valued the ability to associate with the upper-class through ownership of their pets. The ability to intendance for a pet signified respectability and the adequacy to exist self-sufficient. [77] Co-ordinate to Harriet Ritvo, the identification of "aristocracy beast and aristocracy owner was not a confirmation of the owner's status only a style of redefining it." [78]

Entertainment

The popularity of canis familiaris and pet keeping generated animal fancy. Dog fanciers showed enthusiasm for owning pets, breeding dogs, and showing dogs in various shows. The outset canis familiaris show took identify on 28 June 1859 in Newcastle and focused mostly on sporting and hunting dogs. [79] However, pet owners produced an eagerness to demonstrate their pets as well as take an outlet to compete. [80] Thus, pet animals gradually were included within canis familiaris shows. The first large show, which would host one thousand entries, took place in Chelsea in 1863. [81] The Kennel Club was created in 1873 to ensure fairness and arrangement inside dog shows. The development of the Stud Book by the Kennel Club defined policies, presented a national registry organization of purebred dogs, and essentially institutionalized dog shows. [82]

Pet ownership by non-humans

Pet ownership by animals in the wild, as an analogue to the homo phenomenon, has non been observed and is likely non-existent in nature. [83] I group of capuchin monkeys was observed appearing to care for a marmoset, a swain New World monkey species, withal observations of chimpanzees apparently "playing" with small-scale animals like hyraxes have ended with the chimpanzees killing the animals and tossing the corpses around. [84]

A 2010 study states that man relationships with animals have an exclusive man cognitive component and that pet-keeping is a key and aboriginal attribute of the human species. Anthropomorphism, or the projection of human feelings, thoughts and attributes on to animals, is a defining feature of human pet-keeping. The study identifies information technology as the same trait in evolution responsible for domestication and business organization for fauna welfare. It is estimated to accept arisen at to the lowest degree 100,000 years earlier nowadays (ybp) in Human sapiens . [83]

It is debated whether this redirection of human being nurturing behaviour towards non-human animals, in the form of pet-keeping, was maladaptive, due to existence biologically costly, or whether it was positively selected for. [85] [86] [83] Two studies suggest that the man ability to domesticate and go on pets came from the same central evolutionary trait and that this trait provided a cloth benefit in the form of domestication that was sufficiently adaptive to be positively selected for. [83] [86] : 300 A 2011 study suggests that the applied functions that some pets provide, such equally assisting hunting or removing pests, could have resulted in enough evolutionary advantage to allow for the persistence of this behaviour in humans and outweigh the economic burden held by pets kept equally playthings for immediate emotional rewards. [87] Two other studies suggest that the behaviour constitutes an error, side effect or misapplication of the evolved mechanisms responsible for human empathy and theory of mind to encompass non-man animals which has not sufficiently impacted its evolutionary advantage in the long run. [86] : 300

Animals in captivity, with the assist of caretakers, have been considered to have endemic "pets". Examples of this include Koko the gorilla who had several pet cats, Tonda the orangutan and a pet cat and Tarra the elephant and a dog named Bella. [84]

Pets in art

  • Katharine of Aragon with a monkey

  • Dubufe Un regal pour son animal de compagnie.jpg

  • Antoinette Metayer (1732–88) and her pet dog

  • Eos, A Favorite Greyhound of Prince Albert

  • Bespeak, a Grey Arab, with a Groom in the Desert

  • The nubian giraffe.jpg

  • Boerendeel Rijksmuseum SK-C-540.jpeg

  • Wriothesley southampton.jpg

Meet also

References

  1. ^ "Position Statement on Ownership/Guardianship". ASPCA . Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b Leslie, Be; Meek, Ah; Kawash, Gf; Mckeown, Db (April 1994). "An epidemiological investigation of pet ownership in Ontario" (Free total text). The Canadian Veterinary Periodical. 35 (4): 218–22. ISSN0008-5286. PMC 1686751 . PMID8076276.
  3. ^ McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez (1 August 2017). "Should we stop keeping pets? Why more and more ethicists say yes". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  4. ^ Tang, Ailin; Bradsher, Keith (22 October 2022). "The Trade War's Latest Casualties: China's Coddled Cats and Dogs". New York Times . Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  5. ^ "China Pet population and ownership 2022 update". Mainland china Pet Market. 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Main_Page45 milioni gli animali domestici in Italia: 150.000 ogni anno vengono abbandonati". Il Messaggero. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
  7. ^ "UK domestic cat and dog population larger than thought". University of Bristol. 6 February 2010.
  8. ^ "More cat owners 'have degrees' than dog-lovers". BBC News Online . 6 Feb 2010.
  9. ^ "Facts + Statistics: Pet statistics | Iii". world wide web.iii.org . Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  10. ^ a b http://www.shea-online.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Animals%20in%20Healthcare%20Facilities.pdf Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ The Humane Club of the United states of america. "U.S. Pet Ownership Statistics" . Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  12. ^ "U.S. Pet Buying & Demographics Sourcebook (2012)". Archived from the original on 17 Feb 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  13. ^ Daniel Halper (one February 2013). "Animal Planet: Pets Outnumber Children 4 to 1 in America". The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on iv September 2015. Retrieved nine February 2013.
  14. ^ Susan Hayes. "What are the most pop pets around the world?". PetQuestions.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved iv March 2011.
  15. ^ "Industry Statistics & Trends". American Pet Production Association. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  16. ^ "Plants and Your Cat". Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from the original on 27 December 2009. Retrieved fifteen May 2007.
  17. ^ Langston, Cathy East. (1 Jan 2002). "Acute Renal Failure Caused by Lily Ingestion in 6 Cats". Journal of the American Veterinarian Medical Association. 220 (i): 49–52, 36. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.49. PMID12680447.
  18. ^ "These plants can be poisonous to dogs". Sunset Magazine. 12 July 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  19. ^ Klein, Jerry (10 Dec 2022). "Are Poinsettias Poisonous to Dogs?". American Kennel Lodge . Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  20. ^ "Overweight Dogs". Pet Care. The American Order for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  21. ^ "Overweight Cats". Pet Care. The American Order for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  22. ^ Zelman, Joanna (23 February 2011). "Pet Obesity: Over One-half Of U.Southward. Dogs And Cats Are Overweight, Study Says". Huffington Post . Retrieved 17 Oct 2013.
  23. ^ a b "Pets are a child's best friend, correct? Mayhap not, report says". Philadelphia Inquirer . Retrieved 27 Dec 2017.
  24. ^ a b c d "The Health Benefits of Pets". United states Government National Institute of Health. Retrieved 25 Dec 2006.
  25. ^ "Pets Are Good For Us—But Not In The Ways We Think They Are". National Geographic . 25 November 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Largest-E'er Study of Pets and Kids' Wellness Finds No Link; Findings Dispute Widely Held Beliefs Most Positive Effects of Pet Ownership". RAND . Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  27. ^ a b Reiman, Steve. "Therapy Dogs in the Long-Term Health Care Environment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on half dozen May 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  28. ^ a b c Whiteley, Ellen H. (1986). "The Healing Power of Pets". Vol. 258, no. vii. Saturday Evening Mail. pp. two–102. Retrieved 5 November 2006. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. Polk Library, UW Oshkosh
  29. ^ Bos, E.H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B.F. (2016). "Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resource". PLOS I. xi (iii): e0150867. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150867B. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150867 . PMC 4786317 . PMID26963923.
  30. ^ Asp, Karen (2005). "Volunteer Pets". Prevention. 57 (4): 176–78. Retrieved five November 2006. Academic Search Aristocracy. EBSCOhost. Polk Library, UW Oshkosh
  31. ^ Allen, Karen; Shykoff, Barbara Eastward.; Izzo, Joseph Fifty., Jr (i October 2001). "Pet ownership, merely not ace inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress". Hypertension. 38 (iv): 815–20. doi: 10.1161/hyp.38.four.815 . ISSN0194-911X. PMID11641292.
  32. ^ Kingwell, Ba; Lomdahl, A; Anderson, Wp (October 2001). "Presence of a pet dog and human cardiovascular responses to mild mental stress". Clinical Autonomic Research. 11 (five): 313–seven. doi:10.1007/BF02332977. ISSN0959-9851. PMID11758798. S2CID40206732.
  33. ^ Wilson, Cc (Oct 1987). "Physiological responses of college students to a pet". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 175 (10): 606–12. doi:x.1097/00005053-198710000-00005. ISSN0022-3018. PMID3655768. S2CID2188860.
  34. ^ Koivusilta, Leena K.; Ojanlatva, A; Baune, Bernhard (2006). Baune, Bernhard (ed.). "To Take or Non To Have a Pet for Better Wellness?". PLOS ONE. 1 (ane): e109. Bibcode:2006PLoSO...1..109K. doi: 10.1371/periodical.pone.0000109 . PMC 1762431 . PMID17205113.
  35. ^ Vormbrock, Jk; Grossberg, Jm (Oct 1988). "Cardiovascular effects of human–pet domestic dog interactions". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 11 (5): 509–17. doi:10.1007/BF00844843. ISSN0160-7715. PMID3236382. S2CID25544682.
  36. ^ Dembicki, D and Anderson, J. 1996. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics. Book 15 Issue three, pages 15-31.
  37. ^ Jodee (viii July 2010). "Want to Reduce Risk of Center Disease? Get a Pet". Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  38. ^ Friedmann E, Galik E, Thomas SA, Hall PS, Chung SY, McCune Due south. Evaluation of a Pet-Assisted Living Intervention for improving functional status in assisted living residents with balmy to moderate cognitive impairment. American Journal of Alzheimer's Affliction and Other Dementias.2015:30(3):276-289
  39. ^ Parslow, Ruth; Jorm, Anthony; Christensen, Helen; Rodgers, Bryan; Jacomb, Patricia (January–Feb 2005). "Pet Buying and Health in Older Adults". Gerontology. 40. 51 (one): 40–47. doi:10.1159/000081433. PMID15591755. S2CID21851049.
  40. ^ Farlex. "The Gratis Dictionary By Farlex" . Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  41. ^ Reinman, Steve. "Therapy Dogs in the Long-Term Health Care Environment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  42. ^ Huculak, Republic of chad (four Oct 2006). "Super Furry Animals". Edmonton: W7. . LexisNexis. Polk Library, UW Oshkosh. five November 2006.
  43. ^ Bruck, Laura (1996). "Today's Ancillaries, Part 2: Fine art, music and pet therapy". Nursing Homes: Long-Term Care Direction. 45 (7): 36. Retrieved 5 November 2006. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. Polk Library, UW Oshkosh.
  44. ^ Wood 50, Martin K, Christian H, Nathan A, Lauritsen C, Houghton S, Kawachi I, McCune S. The pet gene - Companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people, friendship formation, and social support. PLoS Ane. 2015:ten(4):e0122085
  45. ^ Irvine, Leslie (2013). My Canis familiaris Ever Eats Starting time: Homeless People and Their Animals. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
  46. ^ "In the Home, a 4-Legged Tripwire". The New York Times . 27 March 2009.
  47. ^ "Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 125. European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals". Council of Europe. Retrieved iv June 2022.
  48. ^ "About Us". NhRP Website. Nonhuman Rights Project. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  49. ^ "About IDA". IDA Website. In Defence force of Animals. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2013.
  50. ^ "Animal Rights Uncompromised: 'Pets'". PETA Website. People for the Ethical Handling of Animals. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  51. ^ Garner, Robert. "A Defense of a Broad Animal Protectionism," in Francione and Garner 2010, pp. 120–121.
  52. ^ Francione, Gary Lawrence (1996). Rain without thunder: the ideology of the brute rights movement . ISBN 978-i-56639-461-i .
  53. ^ Francione, Gary. Animals, Property, and the Constabulary. Temple University Press, 1995.
  54. ^ Garner 2005, p. xv; also run across Vocalizer, Peter. Animal Liberation, Random House, 1975; Regan, Tom. The Case for Brute Rights, University of California Press, 1983; Francione, Gary. Animals, Property, and the Law. Temple University Press, 1995; this paperback edition 2007.
  55. ^ "Practice You Alive in a Guardian Community?". The Guardian Campaign. Retrieved ane September 2013.
  56. ^ Nolen, R. Scott (1 March 2005). "Now, it's the lawyers' turn". Periodical of the American Veterinary Medical Association . Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  57. ^ Chapman, Tamara (March–Apr 2005). "Owner or Guardian?" (PDF). Trends Magazine . Retrieved 29 Baronial 2013.
  58. ^ Katz, Jon (five March 2004). "Guarding the Guard Dogs?". Home / Heavy Petting: Pets & People. Slate. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  59. ^ Sharon Dijksma (28 January 2015). "Kamerbrief invoering huisdierenlijst zoogdiersoorten". Rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Dutch Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  60. ^ "Een rendier magazine dan weer wel". Trouw (in Dutch). 3 Dec 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  61. ^ Rijksoverheid / ANP (31 Jan 2017). "Lijst 2017 bekend: welke dieren mag jij als huisdier houden?" (in Dutch). BNNVARA . Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  62. ^ jrosquin (5 Jan 2011). "Uw kat opeten is wettelijk toegestaan". Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). Retrieved four June 2022.
  63. ^ "Zelf doden huisdieren vanaf vandaag verboden". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). one July 2014. Retrieved iv June 2022.
  64. ^ a b Okin, Gregory South. (2 August 2017). "Environmental impacts of nutrient consumption past dogs and cats". PLOS ONE. 12 (eight): e0181301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1281301O. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181301 . ISSN1932-6203. PMC 5540283 . PMID28767700.
  65. ^ Farlex. "The Free Dictionary by Farlex" . Retrieved 27 Apr 2012.
  66. ^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1995). "Origins of the dog: domestication and early history". In Serpell, James (ed.). The dog: its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.x–11. ISBN 9780521425377 .
  67. ^ Messenger, Stephen (13 June 2014). "9 Touching Epitaphs Ancient Greeks And Romans Wrote For Their Deceased Dogs". The Dodo . Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  68. ^ Anthony L. Podberscek; Elizabeth Southward. Paul; James A. Serpell (21 July 2005). Companion Animals and Us: Exploring the Relationships Between People and Pets . Cambridge University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-521-01771-viii .
  69. ^ Mertz, Barbara (1978). Red State, Black State: Daily Life in Ancient Egypt. Dodd Mead.
  70. ^ Amato, Sarah (2015). Beastly Possession: Animals in the Victorian Consumer Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 25.
  71. ^ Amato, Sarah (2015). Beastly Possessions: Animals in Victorian Consumer Civilisation. University of Toronto Press. p. 6.
  72. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Animal Manor: The English language and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 86.
  73. ^ Amato, Sarah (2015). Beastly Possession: Animals in Victorian Consumer Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Printing. p. 48.
  74. ^ Philo, Chris (1989). Beast Space, Beastly Places: New Geographies of Human being-Animal Relations. Routledge. pp. 38–389.
  75. ^ Philo, Chris (1989). Fauna Space, Beastly Places: New Geographies of Human-Animal Relations. Routledge. p. 41.
  76. ^ Amato, Sarah (2015). Abominable Possession: Animals in Victorian Consumer Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Printing. p. 55.
  77. ^ Amato, Sarah (2015). Beastly Possession: Animals in Victorian Consumer Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 10.
  78. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Brute Estate: The English language and Other Creatures in the Victorian Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 104.
  79. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Animate being Estate: The English and Other Creatures in Victorian Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 7–8.
  80. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Brute Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Harvard Academy Press. p. 98.
  81. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Animal Manor: The English language and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Printing. p. 66.
  82. ^ Ritvo, Harriet (1987). The Animal Estate: The English language and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 104.
  83. ^ a b c d Bradshaw, J. W. S.; Paul, E. S. (2010). "Could empathy for animals have been an adaptation in the development of Man sapiens?" (PDF). Creature Welfare. 19 (Due south): 107–112. S2CID55412536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  84. ^ a b "Are Humans the Merely Animals That Go on Pets?".
  85. ^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet (30 October 2014). The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism, and Predation . Routledge. pp. 16, 19. ISBN 9781317598381 .
  86. ^ a b c Salmon, Catherine; Shackelford, Todd M. (27 May 2011). The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Family Psychology . Oxford University Press, Usa. p. 299. ISBN 9780195396690 .
  87. ^ Gray, Peter B.; Immature, Sharon Grand. (one March 2011). "Human–Pet Dynamics in Cross-Cultural Perspective". Anthrozoös. 24 (1): eighteen, 27. doi:10.2752/175303711X12923300467285. ISSN0892-7936. S2CID144313567.

Further reading

  • David Grimm (2015). Denizen Canine: Our Evolving Human relationship with Cats and Dogs. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1610395502 .

External links

You Are 1st Name to What Animal You Are Like

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet

Related Posts

There is no other posts in this category.
Subscribe Our Newsletter
close